Two referrers share a link with the same person — the person can only join once. Whichever referrer's link they used first is credited with the referral.
A referrer tries to manually add a lead that already exists — the system shows a validation error and the duplicate is not created.
An integration sends a contact that already exists — the existing record is updated with any new data from the integration, but it stays assigned to the original referrer.
Same person across different campaigns — this is allowed. A person can be a lead in Campaign A (referred by Alice) and also a lead in Campaign B (referred by Bob). Duplicate detection only applies within a single campaign.